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  2. Multi-character empirical studies are important contributions to our understanding of the process of speciation. The relatively conserved morphology of, and importance of the mate recognition system in anurans...

    Authors: Stephen C Lougheed, James D Austin, James P Bogart, Peter T Boag and Andrew A Chek
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. While the premise that lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a dominant evolutionary force is still in considerable dispute, the case for widespread LGT in the family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) is no longer...

    Authors: Shaul Shaul, Ruth Nussinov and Tal Pupko
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The P-type II ATPase gene family encodes proteins with an important role in adaptation of the cell to variation in external K+, Ca2+ and Na2+ concentrations. The presence of P-type II gene subfamilies that are sp...

    Authors: Nicolas Corradi and Ian R Sanders
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Papillomaviruses (PVs) infect stratified squamous epithelia in warm-blooded vertebrates and have undergone a complex evolutionary process. The control of the expression of the early ORFs in PVs depends on the ...

    Authors: Santiago García-Vallvé, José R Iglesias-Rozas, Ángel Alonso and Ignacio G Bravo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Colour polymorphisms are widespread and one of the prime examples is the colour polymorphism in female coenagrionid damselflies: one female morph resembles the male colour (andromorph) while one, or more, fema...

    Authors: Gerrit Joop, Andreas Mitschke, Jens Rolff and Michael T Siva-Jothy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. In eukaryotes, histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation is a common mechanism involved in gene silencing and the establishment of heterochromatin. The loci of the major heterochromatic H3K9 methyltransferase Su(...

    Authors: Veiko Krauss, Anne Fassl, Petra Fiebig, Ina Patties and Heinz Sass
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The number of species within the Malagasy genus Lepilemur and their phylogenetic relationships is disputed and controversial. In order to establish their evolutionary relationships, a comparative cytogenetic and ...

    Authors: Nicole Andriaholinirina, Jean-Luc Fausser, Christian Roos, Dietmar Zinner, Urs Thalmann, Clément Rabarivola, Iary Ravoarimanana, Jörg U Ganzhorn, Bernhard Meier, Roland Hilgartner, Lutz Walter, Alphonse Zaramody, Christoph Langer, Thomas Hahn, Elke Zimmermann, Ute Radespiel…
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The Dscam gene in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, contains twenty-four exons, four of which are composed of tandem arrays that each undergo mutually exclusive alternative splicing (4, 6, 9 and 17), potent...

    Authors: Mack E Crayton III, Bradford C Powell, Todd J Vision and Morgan C Giddings
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Lateral genetic transfer can lead to disagreements among phylogenetic trees comprising sequences from the same set of taxa. Where topological discordance is thought to have arisen through genetic transfer even...

    Authors: Robert G Beiko and Nicholas Hamilton
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:15
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  11. Phylogenetic conservation at the DNA level is routinely used as evidence of molecular function, under the assumption that locations and sequences of functional DNA segments remain invariant in evolution. In pa...

    Authors: Georgii A Bazykin and Alexey S Kondrashov
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Genome rearrangements influence gene order and configuration of gene clusters in all genomes. Most land plant chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) share a highly conserved gene content and with notable exceptions, a larg...

    Authors: Liying Cui, Jim Leebens-Mack, Li-San Wang, Jijun Tang, Linda Rymarquis, David B Stern and Claude W dePamphilis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) from east Asia is the sole living representative of a poorly-studied turtle lineage (Platysternidae). It has no close living relatives, and its phylogenetic posit...

    Authors: James F Parham, Chris R Feldman and Jeffrey L Boore
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The family Accipitridae (hawks, eagles and Old World vultures) represents a large radiation of predatory birds with an almost global distribution, although most species of this family occur in the Neotropics. ...

    Authors: Fabio S Raposo do Amaral, Matthew J Miller, Luís Fábio Silveira, Eldredge Bermingham and Anita Wajntal
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The recently emerged protein interaction network paradigm can provide novel and important insights into the innerworkings of a cell. Yet, the heavy burden of both false positive and false negative protein-prot...

    Authors: Stefan Wuchty, Albert-Laszlo Barabási and Michael T Ferdig
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The rate of molecular evolution varies widely between proteins, both within and among lineages. To what extent is this variation influenced by genome-wide, lineage-specific effects? To answer this question, we...

    Authors: Joël Savard, Diethard Tautz and Martin J Lercher
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Recently, HEN1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana was discovered as an essential enzyme in plant microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. HEN1 transfers a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the 2'-OH or 3'-OH group of ...

    Authors: Karolina L Tkaczuk, Agnieszka Obarska and Janusz M Bujnicki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Gene losses played a role which may have been as important as gene and genome duplications and rearrangements, in modelling today species' genomes from a common ancestral set of genes. The set and diversity of...

    Authors: Etienne GJ Danchin, Philippe Gouret and Pierre Pontarotti
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Integrons are genetic elements capable of the acquisition, rearrangement and expression of genes contained in gene cassettes. Gene cassettes generally consist of a promoterless gene associated with a recombina...

    Authors: Yan Boucher, Camilla L Nesbø, Michael J Joss, Andrew Robinson, Bridget C Mabbutt, Michael R Gillings, W Ford Doolittle and HW Stokes
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Genomic islands are regions of bacterial genomes that have been acquired by horizontal transfer and often contain blocks of genes that function together for specific processes. Recently, it has become clear th...

    Authors: James W Wilson and Cheryl A Nickerson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Rates of synonymous nucleotide substitutions are, in general, exceptionally low in plant mitochondrial genomes, several times lower than in chloroplast genomes, 10–20 times lower than in plant nuclear genomes,...

    Authors: Christopher L Parkinson, Jeffrey P Mower, Yin-Long Qiu, Andrew J Shirk, Keming Song, Nelson D Young, Claude W dePamphilis and Jeffrey D Palmer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Calcium signaling plays a prominent role in plants for coordinating a wide range of developmental processes and responses to environmental cues. Stimulus-specific generation of intracellular calcium transients...

    Authors: Steffen Abel, Tatyana Savchenko and Maggie Levy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Evolutionary analyses of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) have yielded important and at times provocative results. One particularly troublesome outcome is the consistent inference of independent...

    Authors: John W Stiller and Leslie Harrell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Myotragus balearicus was an endemic bovid from the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean) that became extinct around 6,000-4,000 years ago. The Myotragus evolutionary lineage became isolated in the islands most...

    Authors: Carles Lalueza-Fox, Jose Castresana, Lourdes Sampietro, Tomàs Marquès-Bonet, Josep Antoni Alcover and Jaume Bertranpetit
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Merlin, the product of the Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene, belongs to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) subgroup of the protein 4.1 superfamily, which links cell surface glycoproteins to the ac...

    Authors: Kseniya Golovnina, Alexander Blinov, Elena M Akhmametyeva, Leonid V Omelyanchuk and Long-Sheng Chang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Group I introns have spread into over 90 different sites in nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) with greater than 1700 introns reported in these genes. These ribozymes generally spread through endonuclease-mediated i...

    Authors: Debashish Bhattacharya, Valérie Reeb, Dawn M Simon and François Lutzoni
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. In Drosophila melanogaster the Enhancer of split-Complex [E(spl)-C] consists of seven highly related genes encoding basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) repressors and intermingled, four genes that belong to the Bearded...

    Authors: Rebekka Schlatter and Dieter Maier
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Long alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins are involved in diverse organizational and regulatory processes in eukaryotic cells. They provide cables and networks in the cyto- and nucleoskeleton, molecular scaffold...

    Authors: Annkatrin Rose, Shannon J Schraegle, Eric A Stahlberg and Iris Meier
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Adaptive evolution appears to be a common feature of reproductive proteins across a very wide range of organisms. A promising way of addressing the evolutionary forces responsible for this general phenomenon i...

    Authors: Sofia Berlin and Nick GC Smith
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Molecular phylogenetic methods are based on alignments of nucleic or peptidic sequences. The tremendous increase in molecular data permits phylogenetic analyses of very long sequences and of many species, but ...

    Authors: Charles Chapus, Christine Dufraigne, Scott Edwards, Alain Giron, Bernard Fertil and Patrick Deschavanne
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:63
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  36. Prior to the sequencing of the human genome it was typically assumed that, tandem duplication aside, gene order is for the most part random. Numerous observers, however, highlighted instances in which a ligand...

    Authors: Laurence D Hurst and Martin J Lercher
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Confronted with well-defended, novel hosts, should an enemy invest in avoidance of these hosts (behavioral adaptation), neutralization of the defensive innovation (physiological adaptation) or both? Although simu...

    Authors: Corinne Vacher, Sam P Brown and Michael E Hochberg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Costly structures need to represent an adaptive advantage in order to be maintained over evolutionary times. Contrary to many other conspicuous shell ornamentations of gastropods, the haired shells of several ...

    Authors: Markus Pfenninger, Magda Hrabáková, Dirk Steinke and Aline Dèpraz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Thermus thermophilus and Deinococcus radiodurans belong to a distinct bacterial clade but have remarkably different phenotypes. T. thermophilus is a thermophile, which is relatively sensitive to ionizing radiatio...

    Authors: Marina V Omelchenko, Yuri I Wolf, Elena K Gaidamakova, Vera Y Matrosova, Alexander Vasilenko, Min Zhai, Michael J Daly, Eugene V Koonin and Kira S Makarova
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Plastid-bearing cryptophytes like Cryptomonas contain four genomes in a cell, the nucleus, the nucleomorph, the plastid genome and the mitochondrial genome. Comparative phylogenetic analyses encompassing DNA sequ...

    Authors: Kerstin Hoef-Emden, Hoang-Dung Tran and Michael Melkonian
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Comparative genomics has provided valuable insights into the nature of gene sequence variation and chromosomal organization of closely related bacterial species. However, questions about the biological signifi...

    Authors: Gabriela Guerrero, Humberto Peralta, Alejandro Aguilar, Rafael Díaz, Miguel Angel Villalobos, Arturo Medrano-Soto and Jaime Mora
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. HIV-1 is a retrovirus with high rate of recombination. Increasing experimental studies in vitro indicated that local hairpin structure of RNA was associated with recombination by favoring RT pausing and promoting...

    Authors: Chi-Yu Zhang, Ji-Fu Wei and Shao-Heng He
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The advent of live-attenuated vaccines against measles virus during the 1960'ies changed the circulation dynamics of the virus. Earlier the virus was indigenous to countries worldwide, but now it is mediated b...

    Authors: Mikkel H Schierup, Carl H Mordhorst, Claude P Muller and Laurids S Christensen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Alu elements are Short INterspersed Elements (SINEs) in primate genomes that have proven useful as markers for studying genome evolution, population biology and phylogenetics. Most of these applications, however,...

    Authors: David A Ray and Mark A Batzer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Probabilistic methods have progressively supplanted the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method for inferring phylogenetic trees. One of the major reasons for this shift was that MP is much more sensitive to the Long Br...

    Authors: Hervé Philippe, Yan Zhou, Henner Brinkmann, Nicolas Rodrigue and Frédéric Delsuc
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The modern wildherd of the tundra muskox (Ovibos moschatus) is native only to the New World (northern North America and Greenland), and its genetic diversity is notably low. However, like several other megafaunal...

    Authors: Ross DE MacPhee, Alexei N Tikhonov, Dick Mol and Alex D Greenwood
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Translation initiation in eukaryotes involves the recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome which is controlled by the translation factor eIF4E. eIF4E binds to the 5'-m7Gppp cap-structure of mRNA. Three dimensional str...

    Authors: Bhavesh Joshi, Kibwe Lee, Dennis L Maeder and Rosemary Jagus
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2005 5:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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