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  1. How various host–parasite combinations have been established is an important question in evolutionary biology. We have previously described two nematode species, Rhigonema naylae and Travassosinema claudiae, whic...

    Authors: Seiya Nagae, Kazuki Sato, Tsutomu Tanabe and Koichi Hasegawa

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:120

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  4. Tracing the association between insect cold tolerance and latitudinally and locally varying environmental conditions, as well as key morphological traits and molecular mechanisms, is essential for understandin...

    Authors: Noora Poikela, Venera Tyukmaeva, Anneli Hoikkala and Maaria Kankare

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:117

    Content type: Research article

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  5. There has always been controversy over whether clonal plants have lower genetic diversity than plants that reproduce sexually. These conflicts could be attributed to the fact that few studies have taken into a...

    Authors: Rong Huang, Yu Wang, Kuan Li and Ying-Qiang Wang

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:116

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  6. As flatfish, turbot undergo metamorphosis as part of their life cycle. In the larval stage, turbot live at the ocean surface, but after metamorphosis they move to deeper water and turn to benthic life. Thus, t...

    Authors: Yunong Wang, Li Zhou, Lele Wu, Changbin Song, Xiaona Ma, Shihong Xu, Tengfei Du, Xian Li and Jun Li

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:114

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  7. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) is among the economically most important freshwater fish species in East Africa, and a major source of protein for local consumption. Human induced translocati...

    Authors: Genanaw Tesfaye, Manuel Curto, Paul Meulenbroek, Gernot K. Englmaier, Papius Dias Tibihika, Esayas Alemayehu, Abebe Getahun and Harald Meimberg

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:113

    Content type: Research

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  8. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: James C. Lamsdell, Gerald O. Gunderson and Ronald C. Meyer

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:112

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2019 19:8

  9. In contrast to the explosive increase of a population following biological invasion, natural dispersal, i.e., when a population disperses from its original range into a new range, is a passive process that is ...

    Authors: Liqun Yu, Shuai Zhao, Fanbing Meng, Yanshuang Shi and Chunzhu Xu

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:111

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  11. Mutation accumulation (MA) has profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. One example is that accumulation of conditionally neutral mutations leads to fitness trade-offs among heterogenous habitats whi...

    Authors: Xiao-Lin Chu and Quan-Guo Zhang

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:109

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  13. The great diversity in plant genome size and chromosome number is partly due to polyploidization (i.e. genome doubling events). The differences in genome size and chromosome number among diploid plant species ...

    Authors: J. S. Eriksson, C. D. Bacon, D. J. Bennett, B. E. Pfeil, B. Oxelman and A. Antonelli

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:107

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  14. Increasing drought induced by global climate changes is altering the structure and function of grassland ecosystems. However, there is a lack of understanding of how drought affects the trade-off of above- and...

    Authors: Xiangyun Li, Xiaoan Zuo, Ping Yue, Xueyong Zhao, Ya Hu, Xinxin Guo, Aixia Guo, Chong Xu and Qiang Yu

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:106

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  15. Relapsing fever (RF) borreliae are arthropod-borne spirochetes and some of them cause human diseases, which are characterized by relapsing or recurring episodes of fever. Recently, it has been classified into ...

    Authors: Ranna Nakao, Kentaro Kasama, Bazartseren Boldbaatar, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Hiroki Kawabata, Atsushi Toyoda, Tetsuya Hayashi, Ai Takano and Ken Maeda

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:105

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  16. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama and final closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) provides an independent calibration point for examining the rate of DNA substitutions. This vicariant event has bee...

    Authors: Katherine Silliman, Jane L. Indorf, Nancy Knowlton, William E. Browne and Carla Hurt

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:104

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  17. The Styracaceae are a woody, dicotyledonous family containing 12 genera and an estimated 160 species. Recent studies have shown that Styrax and Sinojackia are monophyletic, Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia cluster into ...

    Authors: Xiu-Lian Cai, Jacob B. Landis, Hong-Xin Wang, Jian-Hua Wang, Zhi-Xin Zhu and Hua-Feng Wang

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:103

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  18. The Euphorbia hypothesis on the origin of fairy circles (FCs) in Namibia dates back to 1979. It proposes that the remains of decaying shrubs would induce an allelopathic interaction with the grasses and thereb...

    Authors: Stephan Getzin, Ailly Nambwandja, Sönke Holch and Kerstin Wiegand

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:102

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  19. Elongated rostra play an important role in the egg-laying of weevils, and its emergence plays a key role in the adaptive radiation of weevils. Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky and E. brandti Harold co-...

    Authors: Ganyu Zhang, Wenjuan Guo, Xiaoyi Wang, Qian Wang, Jin Cui and Junbao Wen

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:101

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  20. Animal mitochondria play a central role in energy production in the cells through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Recent studies of selection on different mitochondrial OXPHOS genes have reveal...

    Authors: Asma Awadi, Hichem Ben Slimen, Helmut Schaschl, Felix Knauer and Franz Suchentrunk

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:100

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  21. The impact of genetic interaction networks on evolution is a fundamental issue. Previous studies have demonstrated that the topology of the network is determined by the properties of the cellular machinery. Fu...

    Authors: Joanna Klim, Urszula Zielenkiewicz, Marek Skoneczny, Adrianna Skoneczna, Anna Kurlandzka and Szymon Kaczanowski

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:99

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  23. The stem-group of Ephemeroptera is phylogenetically important for understanding key steps in evolutionary history of early pterygote insects. However, these taxa have been mostly studied from the taxonomy poin...

    Authors: Pavel Sroka, Roman J. Godunko, Nina D. Sinitshenkova and Jakub Prokop

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:97

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  24. The European population of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) is declining. It is therefore essential to optimise conservation initiatives such as the rehabilitation of sick, injured and orphaned hedgehogs. Wild ani...

    Authors: Sophie Lund Rasmussen, Otto Kalliokoski, Torben Dabelsteen and Klas Abelson

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:96

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. Wolbachia is an endosymbiont common to most invertebrates, which can have significant evolutionary implications for its host species by acting as a barrier to gene flow. Despite the importance of Wolbachia, still...

    Authors: Kay Lucek, Selim Bouaouina, Amanda Jospin, Andrea Grill and Jurriaan M. de Vos

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:95

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  26. Despite a longstanding interest in understanding how animals adapt to environments with limited nutrients, we have incomplete knowledge of the genetic basis of metabolic evolution. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mex...

    Authors: Misty R. Riddle, Ariel Aspiras, Fleur Damen, Suzanne McGaugh, Julius A. Tabin and Clifford J. Tabin

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:94

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Ivalú M. Ávila Herrera, Jiří Král, Markéta Pastuchová, Martin Forman, Jana Musilová, Tereza Kořínková, František Šťáhlavský, Magda Zrzavá, Petr Nguyen, Pavel Just, Charles R. Haddad, Matyáš Hiřman, Martina Koubová, David Sadílek and Bernhard A. Huber

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:93

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:75

  28. Mitochondrial genes encode proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Variations in lifestyle and ecological niche can be directly reflected in metabolic performance. Subterranean rodents represent a good...

    Authors: Olga V. Bondareva, Nadezhda A. Potapova, Kirill A. Konovalov, Tatyana V. Petrova and Natalia I. Abramson

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:92

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. The functioning of ecosystems is highly variable through space and time. Climatic and edaphic factors are forcing ecological communities to converge, whereas the diversity of plant assemblages dampens these ef...

    Authors: Guillaume Rheault, Esther Lévesque and Raphaël Proulx

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:91

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. Spermatogenesis appears to be a relatively well-conserved process even among distantly related animal taxa such as invertebrates and vertebrates. Although Hymenopterans share many characteristics with other or...

    Authors: Charlotte Lécureuil, Sophie Fouchécourt, Rémi Eliautout, Vanessa Guérin, Kevin Hidalgo, Dorian Neutre, Géraldine Roux and Philippe Monget

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:90

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. The speckled-pelage brush-furred rats (Lophuromys flavopunctatus group) have been difficult to define given conflicting genetic, morphological, and distributional records that combine to obscure meaningful accoun...

    Authors: Kenneth Otieno Onditi, Terrence C. Demos, Julian Kerbis Peterhans, Zhong-Zheng Chen, Josef Bryja, Leonid A. Lavrenchenko, Simon Musila, Erik Verheyen, Frederik Van de Perre, Benjamin Dudu Akaibe, Noé U. de la Sancha and Xue-Long Jiang

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:89

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  33. The pace of aging varies considerably in nature. The best-known explanation of the evolution of specific rates of aging is the Williams’ hypothesis suggesting that the aging rate should correlate with the leve...

    Authors: Peter Lenart, Julie Bienertová-Vašků and Luděk Berec

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:87

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Skulls serve many functions and as a result, are subject to many different evolutionary pressures. In squamates, many fossorial species occupy a unique region of skull morphospace, showing convergence across f...

    Authors: Natasha Stepanova and Aaron M. Bauer

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:86

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  35. An ecological approach for managing biological invasions in agroecosystems is the selection of alternative crop species to manage the infestation of invasive alien plants through competition. In the current st...

    Authors: Shicai Shen, Gaofeng Xu, Diyu Li, Shaosong Yang, Guimei Jin, Shufang Liu, David Roy Clements, Aidong Chen, Jia Rao, Lila Wen, Qiong Tao, Shuiying Zhang, Jiazhen Yang and Fudou Zhang

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:85

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. Plant pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) proteins belong to the CAP superfamily and have been characterized as markers of induced defense against pathogens. Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri are hemi...

    Authors: Adrielle A. Vasconcelos, Juliana José, Paulo M. Tokimatu, Antonio P. Camargo, Paulo J. P. L. Teixeira, Daniela P. T. Thomazella, Paula F. V. do Prado, Gabriel L. Fiorin, Juliana L. Costa, Antonio Figueira, Marcelo F. Carazzolle, Gonçalo A. G. Pereira and Renata M. Baroni

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:84

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  38. Population size and densities are key parameters in both fundamental and applied ecology, as they affect population resilience to density-dependent processes, habitat changes and stochastic events. Efficient m...

    Authors: Mickaël Jacquier, Jean-Michel Vandel, François Léger, Jeanne Duhayer, Sylvia Pardonnet, Ludovic Say, Sébastien Devillard and Sandrine Ruette

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:82

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Vision is a crucial sense for the evolutionary success of many animal groups. Here we explore the diversity of visual pigments (opsins) in the transcriptomes of amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and conclude th...

    Authors: Polina Drozdova, Alena Kizenko, Alexandra Saranchina, Anton Gurkov, Maria Firulyova, Ekaterina Govorukhina and Maxim Timofeyev

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:81

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. In holometabolous insects, environmental factors experienced in pre-imaginal life stages affect the life-history traits within that stage and can also influence subsequent life stages. Here, I assessed toleran...

    Authors: Steve B. S. Baleba

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:78

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. In temperate regions many small mammals including bats hibernate during winter. During hibernation these small mammals occasionally wake up (arouse) to restore electrolyte and water balance. However, field dat...

    Authors: Heungjin Ryu, Kodzue Kinoshita, Sungbae Joo and Sun-Sook Kim

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:77

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. There has been a rapid increase in the brain size relative to body size during mammalian evolutionary history. In particular, the enlarged and globular brain is the most distinctive anatomical feature of moder...

    Authors: Nashaiman Pervaiz, Hongen Kang, Yiming Bao and Amir Ali Abbasi

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:76

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Despite progress in genomic analysis of spiders, their chromosome evolution is not satisfactorily understood. Most information on spider chromosomes concerns the most diversified clade, entelegyne araneomorphs...

    Authors: Ivalú M. Ávila Herrera, Jiří Král, Markéta Pastuchová, Martin Forman, Jana Musilová, Tereza Kořínková, František Šťáhlavský, Magda Zrzavá, Petr Nguyen, Pavel Just, Charles R. Haddad, Matyáš Hiřman, Martina Koubová, David Sadílek and Bernhard A. Huber

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:75

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:93

  46. During recognition process, multiple parameters of the encountered stimulus may play a role. Previous studies with wild birds identified the importance of several salient features (e.g., eyes, beak, prominent ...

    Authors: Kateřina Antonová, Petr Veselý and Roman Fuchs

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:74

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imp...

    Authors: Martin Konvička, David Ričl, Veronika Vodičková, Jiří Beneš and Miloslav Jirků

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:73

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Although almost all extant spider species live in terrestrial environments, a few species live fully submerged in freshwater or seawater. The intertidal spiders (genus Desis) built silk nests within coral crevice...

    Authors: Fan Li, Yunyun Lv, Zhengyong Wen, Chao Bian, Xinhui Zhang, Shengtao Guo, Qiong Shi and Daiqin Li

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:72

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Cultivated tea is one of the most important economic and ecological trees distributed worldwide. Cultivated tea suffer from long-term targeted selection of traits and overexploitation of habitats by human bein...

    Authors: Jiao Peng, Yunlin Zhao, Meng Dong, Shiquan Liu, Zhiyuan Hu, Xiaofen Zhong and Zhenggang Xu

    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:71

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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