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  1. The bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) is a small nectivorous and frugivorous emberizine bird (order Passeriformes) that is an abundant resident throughout the Caribbean region. We used multi-gene analyses to investig...

    Authors: Eva Bellemain, Eldredge Bermingham and Robert E Ricklefs
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Recent work on the complexity of life highlights the roles played by evolutionary forces at different levels of individuality. One of the central puzzles in explaining transitions in individuality for entities...

    Authors: Michael E Hochberg, Daniel J Rankin and Michael Taborsky
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Ants of the genus Lasius are ecologically important and an important system for evolutionary research. Progress in evolutionary research has been hindered by the lack of a well-founded phylogeny of the subgenera,...

    Authors: Munetoshi Maruyama, Florian M Steiner, Christian Stauffer, Toshiharu Akino, Ross H Crozier and Birgit C Schlick-Steiner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Exaggerated male ornaments and displays often evolve in species where males only provide females with ejaculates during reproduction. Although "good genes" arguments are typically invoked to explain this pheno...

    Authors: David W Rogers, Matthew Denniff, Tracey Chapman, Kevin Fowler and Andrew Pomiankowski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a substantial amount of all eukaryotic genomes. They induce an important proportion of deleterious mutations by insertion into genes or gene regulatory regions. However, ...

    Authors: María Pilar García Guerreiro, Blanca E Chávez-Sandoval, Joan Balanyà, Lluís Serra and Antonio Fontdevila
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The genus Listeria includes two closely related pathogenic and non-pathogenic species, L. monocytogenes and L. innocua. L. monocytogenes is an opportunistic human foodborne and animal pathogen that includes two c...

    Authors: Renato H Orsi, Qi Sun and Martin Wiedmann
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The ability for an evolving population to adapt to a novel environment is achieved through a balance of robustness and evolvability. Robustness is the invariance of phenotype in the face of perturbation and ev...

    Authors: Robert C McBride, C Brandon Ogbunugafor and Paul E Turner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The "out of Africa" model postulating single "southern route" dispersal posits arrival of "Anatomically Modern Human" to Indian subcontinent around 66–70 thousand years before present (kyBP). However the contr...

    Authors: Satish Kumar, PBSV Padmanabham, Rajasekhara R Ravuri, Kiran Uttaravalli, Padmaja Koneru, P Aditi Mukherjee, B Das, M Kotal, D Xaviour, SY Saheb and VR Rao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) has emerged as a leading molecular typing method owing to its high ability to discriminate among bacterial isolates, the relative ease with which data acquisition and analysi...

    Authors: Eduardo N Taboada, Joanne M MacKinnon, Christian C Luebbert, Victor PJ Gannon, John HE Nash and Kris Rahn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Members of the Runx family of transcriptional regulators, which bind DNA as heterodimers with CBFβ, are known to play critical roles in embryonic development in many triploblastic animals such as mammals and i...

    Authors: James C Sullivan, Daniel Sher, Miriam Eisenstein, Katsuya Shigesada, Adam M Reitzel, Heather Marlow, Ditsa Levanon, Yoram Groner, John R Finnerty and Uri Gat
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Human genetic diversity observed in Indian subcontinent is second only to that of Africa. This implies an early settlement and demographic growth soon after the first 'Out-of-Africa' dispersal of anatomically ...

    Authors: Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Monika Karmin, Ene Metspalu, Mait Metspalu, Deepa Selvi-Rani, Vijay Kumar Singh, Jüri Parik, Anu Solnik, B Prathap Naidu, Ajay Kumar, Niharika Adarsh, Chandana Basu Mallick, Bhargav Trivedi, Swami Prakash, Ramesh Reddy, Parul Shukla…
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Five regulatory factor X (RFX) transcription factors (TFs)–RFX1-5–have been previously characterized in the human genome, which have been demonstrated to be critical for development and are associated with an ...

    Authors: Syed Aftab, Lucie Semenec, Jeffrey Shih-Chieh Chu and Nansheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The TRIM family is composed of multi-domain proteins that display the Tripartite Motif (RING, B-box and Coiled-coil) that can be associated with a C-terminal domain. TRIM genes are involved in ubiquitylation a...

    Authors: Marco Sardiello, Stefano Cairo, Bianca Fontanella, Andrea Ballabio and Germana Meroni
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Malaria kills more people worldwide than all inherited human genetic disorders combined. To characterize how the parasites causing this disease adapt to different host environments, we compared the evolutionar...

    Authors: Franck Prugnolle, Kate McGee, Jon Keebler and Philip Awadalla
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most numerous proteins in mammalian genomes, and the most common targets of clinical drugs. However, their evolution remains enigmatic. GPCRs are intimately associat...

    Authors: Carlos E Alvarez
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. A Baltic population of Atlantic sturgeon was founded ~1,200 years ago by migrants from North America, but after centuries of persistence, the population was extirpated in the 1960s, mainly as a result of over-...

    Authors: Arne Ludwig, Ursula Arndt, Sebastian Lippold, Norbert Benecke, Lutz Debus, Timothy L King and Shuichi Matsumura
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:221
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Despite being one of the most studied families within the Carnivora, the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the bear family (Ursidae) have long remained unclear. Widely divergent topologies have b...

    Authors: Johannes Krause, Tina Unger, Aline Noçon, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Mathias Stiller, Leopoldo Soibelzon, Helen Spriggs, Paul H Dear, Adrian W Briggs, Sarah CE Bray, Stephen J O'Brien, Gernot Rabeder, Paul Matheus, Alan Cooper, Montgomery Slatkin…
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The origin of nuclear receptors (NRs) and the question whether the ancestral NR was a liganded or an unliganded transcription factor has been recently debated. To obtain insight into the evolution of the ligan...

    Authors: Mathilde Paris, Katarina Pettersson, Michael Schubert, Stephanie Bertrand, Ingemar Pongratz, Hector Escriva and Vincent Laudet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Within Chlorophyceae the ITS2 secondary structure shows an unbranched helix I, except for the 'Hydrodictyon' and the 'Scenedesmus' clade having a ramified first helix. The latter two are classified within the Sph...

    Authors: Alexander Keller, Tina Schleicher, Frank Förster, Benjamin Ruderisch, Thomas Dandekar, Tobias Müller and Matthias Wolf
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Severe ecological and economic impacts caused by some invasive species make it imperative to understand the attributes that permit them to spread. A notorious crop pest across its native range in South America...

    Authors: Michael A Russello, Michael L Avery and Timothy F Wright
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Recent advances in DNA sequencing and computation offer the opportunity for reliable estimates of divergence times between organisms based on molecular data. Bayesian estimations of divergence times that do no...

    Authors: Yoichiro Azuma, Yoshinori Kumazawa, Masaki Miya, Kohji Mabuchi and Mutsumi Nishida
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 (GH20) family are involved in the removal of terminal β-glycosidacally linked N-acetylhexosamine residues. These enzymes, widely distributed ...

    Authors: Jari Intra, Giulio Pavesi and David S Horner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Before the arrival of Europeans to Cuba, the island was inhabited by two Native American groups, the Tainos and the Ciboneys. Most of the present archaeological, linguistic and ancient DNA evidence indicates a...

    Authors: Isabel Mendizabal, Karla Sandoval, Gemma Berniell-Lee, Francesc Calafell, Antonio Salas, Antonio Martínez-Fuentes and David Comas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The order Tetraodontiformes consists of approximately 429 species of fishes in nine families. Members of the order exhibit striking morphological diversity and radiated into various habitats such as freshwater...

    Authors: Yusuke Yamanoue, Masaki Miya, Keiichi Matsuura, Masaya Katoh, Harumi Sakai and Mutsumi Nishida
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Comparisons of functionally important changes at the molecular level in model systems have identified key adaptations driving isolation and speciation. In cichlids, for example, long wavelength-sensitive (LWS)...

    Authors: Matthew N Ward, Allison M Churcher, Kevin J Dick, Chris RJ Laver, Greg L Owens, Megan D Polack, Pam R Ward, Felix Breden and John S Taylor
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Various mechanisms such as geographic barriers and glacial episodes have been proposed as determinants of intra-specific and inter-specific differentiation of populations, and the distribution of their genetic...

    Authors: Raşit Bilgin, Ahmet Karataş, Emrah Çoraman, Todd Disotell and Juan Carlos Morales
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The molecular events and evolutionary forces underlying lethal mutagenesis of virus (or virus extinction through an excess of mutations) are not well understood. Here we apply for the first time phylogenetic m...

    Authors: Samuel Ojosnegros, Rubén Agudo, Macarena Sierra, Carlos Briones, Saleta Sierra, Claudia González- López, Esteban Domingo and Juan Cristina
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Phylogenies of certain bioenergetic enzymes have proved to be useful tools for deducing evolutionary ancestry of bioenergetic pathways and their relationship to geochemical parameters of the environment. Our p...

    Authors: Simon Duval, Anne-Lise Ducluzeau, Wolfgang Nitschke and Barbara Schoepp-Cothenet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Fornicata is a relatively recently established group of protists that includes the diplokaryotic diplomonads (which have two similar nuclei per cell), and the monokaryotic enteromonads, retortamonads and Carpedie...

    Authors: Martin Kolisko, Ivan Cepicka, Vladimir Hampl, Jessica Leigh, Andrew J Roger, Jaroslav Kulda, Alastair GB Simpson and Jaroslav Flegr
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Because of the potential benefits to individuals of saving investment for future mating opportunities, there is conflict between mates over most aspects of reproduction. Males of many species transfer compound...

    Authors: Nina Wedell, Tom Tregenza and Leigh W Simmons
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. A simple and widely used approach for detecting hybridization in phylogenies is to reconstruct gene trees from independent gene loci, and to look for gene tree incongruence. However, this approach may be confo...

    Authors: Barbara R Holland, Steffi Benthin, Peter J Lockhart, Vincent Moulton and Katharina T Huber
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The Salangid icefish Neosalanx taihuensis (Salangidae) is an economically important fish, which is endemic to China, restricted to large freshwater systems (e.g. lakes, large rivers and estuaries) and typically e...

    Authors: Liang Zhao, Jie Zhang, Zhijin Liu, Stephan M Funk, Fuwen Wei, Muqi Xu and Ming Li
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Although homeobox genes have been the subject of many studies, little is known about the main amino acid changes that occurred early in the evolution of genes belonging to different classes.

    Authors: Nuno A Fonseca, Cristina P Vieira, Peter WH Holland and Jorge Vieira
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Within the subfamily Murinae, African murines represent 25% of species biodiversity, making this group ideal for detailed studies of the patterns and timing of diversification of the African endemic fauna and ...

    Authors: Emilie Lecompte, Ken Aplin, Christiane Denys, François Catzeflis, Marion Chades and Pascale Chevret
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Cystatins and their putative targets, the families of cysteine proteinases C1A and C13 play key roles in plants. Comparative genomic analyses are powerful tools to obtain valuable insights into the conservatio...

    Authors: Manuel Martinez and Isabel Diaz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The island of Madagascar and surrounding volcanic and coralline islands are considered to form a biodiversity hotspot with large numbers of unique taxa. The origin of this endemic fauna can be explained by two...

    Authors: Jérôme Fuchs, Jean-Marc Pons, Steven M Goodman, Vincent Bretagnolle, Martim Melo, Rauri CK Bowie, David Currie, Roger Safford, Munir Z Virani, Simon Thomsett, Alawi Hija, Corinne Cruaud and Eric Pasquet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Snake venoms consist primarily of proteins and peptides showing a myriad of potent biological activities which have been shaped by both adaptive and neutral selective forces. Venom proteins are encoded by mult...

    Authors: Robin Doley, Susanta Pahari, Stephen P Mackessy and R Manjunatha Kini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Low nucleotide divergence between human and chimpanzee does not sufficiently explain the species-specific morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. As gene duplication is a major prerequisite for the...

    Authors: Pille Hallast, Janna Saarela, Aarno Palotie and Maris Laan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Little is known about the role ecological shifts play in the evolution of Neotropical radiations that have colonized a variety of environments. We here examine habitat shifts in the evolutionary history of Elaeni...

    Authors: Frank E Rheindt, Les Christidis and Janette A Norman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Nearly half of the West Eurasian assemblage of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is fractioned into numerous sub-lineages of the predominant haplogroup (hg) R0. Several hypotheses have been proposed on the origi...

    Authors: Anita Brandstätter, Bettina Zimmermann, Janine Wagner, Tanja Göbel, Alexander W Röck, Antonio Salas, Angel Carracedo and Walther Parson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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