Fig. 5

Alternative topologies for clades within Onagraceae. The relative frequency of gene trees is shown for quartets of taxa (bar graphs). Green bars indicate the RAxML-ASTRAL topology, teal and light blue bars indicate alternative topologies. Dotted lines indicate 1/3 of the total gene trees for each quartet; roughly equal proportions for the three possible topologies indicate a polytomy within the present dataset. a Early-diverging Onagraceae; b Placement of Hauya; c Monophyly of Circaea and Fuchsia; d Monophyly of Megacorax and Lopezia; e Early-diverging Onagreae, where clades X and Y refer to the following groups: clade X comprises Camissoniopsis, Eremothera, Camissonia, Tetrapteron, and Neoholmgrenia; clade Y comprises Clarkia, Chylismiella, and Gayophytum; f Clades within Oenothera, the quartet at node I is ((Lineage B, sect. Pachylophus), Lineage A + sect. Calylophus) Outgroup) and node II is ((Lineage A, sect. Calylophus), (Lineage B + sect. Pachylophus) Outgroup), the mode common alternative topology for node I is shown