Fig. 1

Scatterplot displaying colony-level metrics of opposing homozygosity and average relatedness among nestmates (Huang estimator). We infer that the upper left cluster contains monogyne colonies (blue), while the lower right cluster contains polygyne colonies (red). A few colonies are likely either monogyne and polyandrous or oligogyne (i.e. contained a small number of closely related queens), and we could not confidently assign their social structure. The “undetermined” (ambiguous) colonies are color-coded grey. These colonies are excluded from the GWAS analyses