Fig. 9

The estimated λ, μ and q (a–c) from the BiSSE analysis: “0”—populations from north of the Orange River, “1”—populations from south of the Orange River; d–f, MuSSE analysis results of three geographic regions: “1”—region above the GE, “2”—region south of the GE, and north of the SM and “3”—region south of the SM. Plots show λ, μ and net diversification rates (r) across the three different regions; g–i, MuSSE analysis modelling the λ, μ and r of three biomes: “1”—Nama Karoo, “2”—Fynbos mixed with Succulent Karoo, “3”—Succulent Karoo. Units were “events/Myr” in all cases