Fig. 2

Collection sites, BAPS analysis of the population structure based on microsatellite loci (a) and mitochondrial genes (b). The three circles in figure (a) marked by a dashed line show the three groups identified in the populations of G. molesta: the orange circles show the Yunnan group (YN), the yellow ones show the Sichuan group (SC) while the blue circles show the other group in eastern and northern regions (NE). The two solid line circles in figure (a) display the core populations in YN and SC groups. The dash line circle in figure (b) shows the SC groups, while the solid line circle indicates core populations. The color bar shows the altitude (m). Codes of populations are listed in Table 3