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  1. The Rhinopomatidae, traditionally considered to be one of the most ancient chiropteran clades, remains one of the least known groups of Rhinolophoidea. No relevant fossil record is available for this family. W...

    Authors: Pavel Hulva, Ivan Horáček and Petr Benda
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:165
  2. Tanabin, transitin and nestin are type VI intermediate filament (IF) proteins that are developmentally regulated in frogs, birds and mammals, respectively. Tanabin is expressed in the growth cones of embryonic...

    Authors: Dominique Guérette, Paul A Khan, Pierre E Savard and Michel Vincent
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:164
  3. The soil fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) is an important pathogen of cultivated plants in the family Solanaceae. Isolates of R. solani AG-3 are taxonomically related based on the composition ...

    Authors: Paulo C Ceresini, H David Shew, Timothy Y James, Rytas J Vilgalys and Marc A Cubeta
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:163
  4. It is much debated whether microbes are easily dispersed globally or whether they, like many macro-organisms, have historical biogeographies. The ubiquitous dispersal hypothesis states that microbes are so num...

    Authors: David Bass, Thomas A Richards, Lena Matthai, Victoria Marsh and Thomas Cavalier-Smith
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:162
  5. The Notostraca is a small but ancient crustacean order with a contrasting combination of a conservative morphology and a wide range of reproductive modes. The tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis, includes bisexual...

    Authors: Thorid Zierold, Bernd Hanfling and Africa Gómez
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:161
  6. The Mollusca constitute one of the most morphologically and ecologically diverse metazoan phyla, occupying a wide range of marine, terrestrial and freshwater habitats. The evolutionary success of the molluscs ...

    Authors: Daniel J Jackson, Gert Wörheide and Bernard M Degnan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:160
  7. Group I introns are one of the four major classes of introns as defined by their distinct splicing mechanisms. Because they catalyze their own removal from precursor transcripts, group I introns are referred t...

    Authors: Peik Haugen, Debashish Bhattacharya, Jeffrey D Palmer, Seán Turner, Louise A Lewis and Kathleen M Pryer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:159
  8. Genetic systems involving multiple X chromosomes have arisen repeatedly in sexually reproducing animals. Tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) exhibit a phylogenetically ancient multiple-X system typically consisting o...

    Authors: José Galián, Sónia JR Proença and Alfried P Vogler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:158
  9. The evolution of genomic imprinting, the parental-origin specific expression of genes, is the subject of much debate. There are several theories to account for how the mechanism evolved including the hypothesi...

    Authors: Carol A Edwards, Willem Rens, Oliver Clarke, Andrew J Mungall, Timothy Hore, Jennifer A Marshall Graves, Ian Dunham, Anne C Ferguson-Smith and Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:157
  10. The development of post-genomic methods has dramatically increased the amount of qualitative and quantitative data available to understand how ecological complexity is shaped. Yet, new statistical tools are ne...

    Authors: Sandrine Pavoine and Xavier Bailly
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:156
  11. Within Chordata, the subphyla Vertebrata and Cephalochordata (lancelets) are characterized by a remarkable stability of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, with constancy of gene content and almost invariant gene o...

    Authors: Fabio Iannelli, Francesca Griggio, Graziano Pesole and Carmela Gissi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:155
  12. The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is a statistical principle that states that as the number of repeated samples from any population increase, the variance among sample means will decrease and means will become m...

    Authors: Mark I Stevens, Katja Hogendoorn and Michael P Schwarz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:153
  13. The genus Oryza is composed of 10 distinct genome types, 6 diploid and 4 polyploid, and includes the world's most important food crop – rice (Oryza sativa [AA]). Genome size variation in the Oryza is more than 3-...

    Authors: Andrea Zuccolo, Aswathy Sebastian, Jayson Talag, Yeisoo Yu, HyeRan Kim, Kristi Collura, Dave Kudrna and Rod A Wing
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:152
  14. Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are important mediators of the innate immune system. TLR1 and TLR6 are paralogs and located in tandem on the same chromosome in ma...

    Authors: Egbert KO Kruithof, Nathalie Satta, Jia Wei Liu, Sylvie Dunoyer-Geindre and Richard J Fish
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:148
  15. Published molecular phylogenies are usually based on data whose quality has not been explored prior to tree inference. This leads to errors because trees obtained with conventional methods suppress conflicting...

    Authors: Johann Wolfgang Wägele and Christoph Mayer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:147
  16. Chaetognaths, or arrow worms, are small marine, bilaterally symmetrical metazoans. The objective of this study was to analyse ribosomal protein (RP) coding sequences from a published collection of expressed se...

    Authors: Roxane M Barthélémy, Anne Chenuil, Samuel Blanquart, Jean-Paul Casanova and Eric Faure
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:146
  17. In spite of the recent accumulation of genomic data, the evolutionary pathway in the individual genes of present-day living taxa is still elusive for most genes. Among ion channels, inward K+ rectifier (IRK) chan...

    Authors: Motoko Tanaka-Kunishima, Yoshihiro Ishida, Kunitaro Takahashi, Motoo Honda and Takashi Oonuma
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:143
  18. While genes that are conserved between related bacterial species are usually thought to have evolved along with the species, phylogenetic trees reconstructed for individual genes may contradict this picture an...

    Authors: Pierre Nicolas, Philippe Bessières, S Dusko Ehrlich, Emmanuelle Maguin and Maarten van de Guchte
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:141
  19. Science curricula and teachers should emphasize evolution in a manner commensurate with its importance as a unifying concept in science. The concept of adaptation represents a first step to understand the resu...

    Authors: Roberto Guidetti, Laura Baraldi, Caterina Calzolai, Lorenza Pini, Paola Veronesi and Aurora Pederzoli
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S13

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  20. Ethnic minorities in Northern Thailand, often referred to as Hill Tribes, are considered an ideal model to study the different genetic impact of sex-specific migration rates expected in matrilocal (women remain i...

    Authors: Davide Besaggio, Silvia Fuselli, Metawee Srikummool, Jatupol Kampuansai, Loredana Castrì, Chris Tyler-Smith, Mark Seielstad, Daoroong Kangwanpong and Giorgio Bertorelle
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S12

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  21. The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) are difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphology and because diagnostic fossils are rare. Recently, molecular data have le...

    Authors: Francesca Dumas, Roscoe Stanyon, Luca Sineo, Gary Stone and Francesca Bigoni
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S11

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  22. Genetically based body size differences are naturally occurring in populations of Drosophila melanogaster, with bigger flies in the cold. Despite the cosmopolitan nature of body size clines in more than one Droso...

    Authors: Vincenzo Trotta, Federico CF Calboli, Marcello Ziosi and Sandro Cavicchi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S10

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  23. Bdelloid rotifers are the most common and abundant group of animals that reproduce by ameiotic parthenogenesis, only. They are common in temporally ephemeral habitats, and it is unclear if they dwell in unstab...

    Authors: Claudia Ricci, Manuela Caprioli and Diego Fontaneto
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S9

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  24. The phylogeny of Arthropoda is still a matter of harsh debate among systematists, and significant disagreement exists between morphological and molecular studies. In particular, while the taxon joining hexapod...

    Authors: Antonio Carapelli, Pietro Liò, Francesco Nardi, Elizabeth van der Wath and Francesco Frati
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S8

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  25. Doubly Uniparental Inheritance (DUI) represents the most outstanding exception to matrilinear inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), typical of Metazoa. In a few bivalve mollusks, two sex-linked mtDNAs (the...

    Authors: Marco Passamonti
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S7

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  26. Phylogeographic analyses on the Western Euroasiatic Fagus taxa (F. orientalis, F. sylvatica, F. taurica and F. moesiaca) is available, however, the subdivision of Fagus spp. is unresolved and there is no consensu...

    Authors: Donatella Paffetti, Cristina Vettori, David Caramelli, Cristiano Vernesi, Martina Lari, Arturo Paganelli, Ladislav Paule and Raffaello Giannini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S6

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  27. During the HIV infection several quasispecies of the virus arise, which are able to use different coreceptors, in particular the CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors (R5 and X4 phenotypes, respectively). The switch in c...

    Authors: Luca Sguanci, Franco Bagnoli and Pietro Liò
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S5

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  28. Histidine biosynthesis is one of the best characterized anabolic pathways. There is a large body of genetic and biochemical information available, including operon structure, gene expression, and increasingly ...

    Authors: Renato Fani, Matteo Brilli, Marco Fondi and Pietro Lió
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S4

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  29. It is generally assumed that primordial cells had small genomes with simple genes coding for enzymes able to react with a wide range of chemically related substrates, interconnecting different metabolic routes...

    Authors: Marco Fondi, Matteo Brilli, Giovanni Emiliani, Donatella Paffetti and Renato Fani
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S3

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  30. The hypothesis of an RNA-based origin of life, known as the "RNA world", is strongly affected by the hostile environmental conditions probably present in the early Earth. In particular, strong UV and X-ray rad...

    Authors: Elisa Biondi, Sergio Branciamore, Marie-Christine Maurel and Enzo Gallori
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S2

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  31. The simplest molecules grouping the four most common elements of the universe H,C,O and N (with the exception of the biologically inert He) are isocyanate HNCO and formamide H2NCOH. Reasons for the availability o...

    Authors: Giovanna Costanzo, Raffaele Saladino, Claudia Crestini, Fabiana Ciciriello and Ernesto Di Mauro
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7(Suppl 2):S1

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 2

  32. The importance of vicariance events on the establishment of phylogeographic patterns in the marine environment is well documented, and generally accepted as an important cause of cladogenesis. Founder dispersa...

    Authors: Peter R Teske, Healy Hamilton, Conrad A Matthee and Nigel P Barker
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:138
  33. Cichlid fishes are notorious for their wealth of intra- and interspecific colour pattern diversity. In Lake Tanganyika, the endemic genus Tropheus represents the most impressive example for geographic variation i...

    Authors: Bernd Egger, Stephan Koblmüller, Christian Sturmbauer and Kristina M Sefc
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:137
  34. It has long been known that rates of synonymous substitutions are unusually low in mitochondrial genes of flowering and other land plants. Although two dramatic exceptions to this pattern have recently been re...

    Authors: Jeffrey P Mower, Pascal Touzet, Julie S Gummow, Lynda F Delph and Jeffrey D Palmer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:135
  35. The construction of robust and well resolved phylogenetic trees is important for our understanding of many, if not all biological processes, including speciation and origin of higher taxa, genome evolution, me...

    Authors: Eiko E Kuramae, Vincent Robert, Carlos Echavarri-Erasun and Teun Boekhout
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:134
  36. Considerable attention has focused on how selection on dispersal and other core life-history strategies (reproductive effort, survival ability, colonization capacity) may lead to so-called dispersal syndromes....

    Authors: Else J Fjerdingstad, Nicolas Schtickzelle, Pauline Manhes, Arnaud Gutierrez and Jean Clobert
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:133
  37. Molecular lock-and-key systems are common among reproductive proteins, yet their evolution remains a major puzzle in evolutionary biology. In the Brassicaceae, the genes encoding self-incompatibility have been...

    Authors: Vincent Castric and Xavier Vekemans
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:132
  38. The dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) is distributed along temperate, coastal regions of New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, and Peru where it feeds on schooling anchovy, sardines, and other small fishes ...

    Authors: April D Harlin-Cognato, Tim Markowitz, Bernd Würsig and Rodney L Honeycutt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:131
  39. Analyses of complete genomes and large collections of gene transcripts have shown that most, if not all seed plants have undergone one or more genome duplications in their evolutionary past.

    Authors: Stefan A Rensing, Julia Ick, Jeffrey A Fawcett, Daniel Lang, Andreas Zimmer, Yves Van de Peer and Ralf Reski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:130

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:184

  40. Development, differentiation and physiology of metazoans all depend on cell to cell communication and subsequent intracellular signal transduction. Often, these processes are orchestrated via sites of speciali...

    Authors: Aartjan JW te Velthuis, Jeroen F Admiraal and Christoph P Bagowski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:129
  41. The lancelet Asymmetron inferum (subphylum Cephalochordata) was recently discovered on the ocean floor off the southwest coast of Japan at a depth of 229 m, in an anaerobic and sulfide-rich environment caused by ...

    Authors: Takeshi Kon, Masahiro Nohara, Yusuke Yamanoue, Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Mutsumi Nishida and Teruaki Nishikawa
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:127
  42. Aging refers to a decline in reproduction and survival with increasing age. According to evolutionary theory, aging evolves because selection late in life is weak and mutations exist whose deleterious effects ...

    Authors: Martin Ackermann, Alexandra Schauerte, Stephen C Stearns and Urs Jenal
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007 7:126

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