The gut microbiome as an indicator of habitat disturbance in a Critically Endangered lemur

McManus, Nicolette; Holmes, Sheila M.; Louis, Edward E.; Johnson, Steig E.; Baden, Andrea L.; Amato, Katherine R.

doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01945-z

BMC Ecology and Evolution

Table 2 Food items consumed at each site, including the size of the plant part as well as the the observed size of each bite and consumption rate

From: The gut microbiome as an indicator of habitat disturbance in a Critically Endangered lemur

Site	Family	Plant genus	Plant sp.	Common name	Plant part	Exotic	Plant part size (g)	Bite size (g)	Consumption rate (bites/min)
Mangevo	Rubiaceae	Adena	Microcephala	Voakiringy	Fruit	–	0.6	0.6*	1.42
Mangevo	Loranthaceae	Bakerella	Clavata	Tongolahy	Mature leaves	–	0.66	0.33	3.85
Mangevo	Burseraceae	Canarium	Madagascariensis	Ramy	Fruit	–	0.5	0.5*	0.55
Mangevo	Apocynaceae	Carissa	Edulis	Fantsy	Fruit	–	52.5	17.5	0.61
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya	Acuminata	Tavolomalady	Mature leaves	–	2.08	0.52*	2.41
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya	Ovalifolia	Tavolomanitra	Mature leaves	–	2.08	0.52	3.31
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya	Unknown	Tavolo	Fruit	–	0.4	0.4*	1.32
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya	Unknown	Tavolo	Mature leaves	–	0.4	0.4	4.79
Mangevo	Rubiaceae	Danais	sp.	Vahitamboro	Mature leaves	–	2.84	0.71	3.42
Mangevo	Moraceae	Ficus	Lutea	Amontana	Fruit	–	3.4	3.4	1.37
Mangevo	Moraceae	Ficus	reflexa	Nonoka small	Young leaves	–	0.13	0.13	5.12
Mangevo	Moraceae	Ficus	Reflexa	Nonoka small	Fruit	–	0.24	0.24	5.55
Mangevo	Clusiaceae	Garcinia	Aphanophlebia	Voamalabotaho lahy	Mature leaves	–	2.64	0.33	3.52
Mangevo	Melastomataceae	Medinilla	Unknown	Kalamasimbarika	Mature leaves	–	0.7	0.35	2.57
Mangevo	Melastomataceae	Medinilla	Unknown	Kalamasimbarika	Fruit	–	0.7	0.35*	2.59
Mangevo	Melastomataceae	Medinilla	Unknown	Kalamasimbarika	Young leaves	–	0.7	0.35	1.5
Mangevo	Asteraceae	Mikania	Unknown	Vahia	Flowers	–	0.03	0.03*	7.84
Mangevo	Rubiaceae	Mussaenda	Erectiloba	Fatora	Fruit	–	0.3	0.3*	2.11
Mangevo	Anacardiaceae	Mycronychia	Unknown	Sehana	Buds	–	0.1	0.1*	6.65
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Ocotea	Unknown	Varongy	Mature leaves	–	0.57	0.19	1.93
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Ocotea	Unknown	Varongy	Fruit	–	0.57	0.19	2.8
Mangevo	Myrsinaceae	Oncostemum	Botryoides	Kalafana large	Stem	–	0.2	0.2	2.83
Mangevo	Araliaceae	Polyscias	Unknown	Vatsilana	Young leaves	–	0.15	0.15	5.28
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Potamea	Unknown	Sary	Mature leaves	–	2.2	0.44	3.09
Mangevo	Lauraceae	Potamea	Unknown	Sary	Young leaves	–	0.2	0.2*	0.96
Mangevo	Anacadiaceae	Protorhus-Abrahamia	Unknown	Sandramy	Fruit	–	0.2	0.2*	1.91
Mangevo	Rubiaceae	Psychotria	Unknown	Fohananasity	Fruit	–	0.55	1.1*	7.05
Mangevo	-	unknown	Unknown	unknown epiphyte	Young leaves	Unknown	0.5	0.5*	2.77
Sangasanga	Moraceae	Artocarpus	Heterophyllus	Ampalibe	Fruit	Exotic	126	1.5*	6.52
Sangasanga	Burseraceae	Canarium	Madagascariensis	Ramy	Fruit	–	4.42	4.42	1.64
Sangasanga	Moraceae	Ficus	Lutea	Voara	Young leaves	–	0.49	0.49	3.95
Sangasanga	Moraceae	Ficus	Lutea	Voara	Fruit	–	0.49	0.49	1.28
Sangasanga	Moraceae	Ficus	Soroceoides (Politoria)	Nonoka large	Fruit	–	1.14	1.14	2.8
Sangasanga	Moraceae	Ficus	Trichoclada (Polyphlebia)	Nonoka small	Stick	–	0.52	0.52	6.54
Sangasanga	Moraceae	Ficus	Trichoclada (polyphlebia)	Nonoka small	Fruit	–	0.48	0.48	6.67
Sangasanga	Lauraceae	Ocotea	Cymosa	Varongy beravina	Fruit	–	3.5	3.5	0.94
Sangasanga	Strelitziaceae	Ravenala	Madagascariensis	Ravinala	Nectar	–	3.192	0.456*	2.18
Sangasanga	Arecaceae	Ravenea	Robustior	Lafa vonitra	Young leaves	–	0.4	0.4*	1.45
Sangasanga	Arecaceae	Ravenea	Robustior	Lafa vonitra	Fruit	–	6.9	6.9	4.79
Sangasanga	Euphorbiaceae	Suregada	Celastroides	Ampaliala mandindravina	Young leaves	–	0.52	0.52	7.46
Sangasanga	Moraceae	Trilepisium	Madagascariense	Ampaliala	Young leaves	–	0.52	0.52*	10.25
Sangasanga	Annonaceae	Xylopia	Buxifolia	Ramiavona	Young leaves	–	0.45	0.45*	1.03
Vatovavy	Strelitziaceae	Ravenala	Madagascariensis	Ravinala	Nectar	–	3.648	0.456*	2.42
Vatovavy	Euphorbiaceae	Uapaca	Ferruginea	Voapaka	Fruit	–	2.5	2.5*	0.99
Vatovavy	–	Unknown	Unknown	Vahy	Young leaves	Unknown	0.21	0.21	4

^aEstimate of bite size based on other food items

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