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Fig. 4 | BMC Ecology and Evolution

Fig. 4

From: Evolution of transcriptional control of antigenic variation and virulence in human and ape malaria parasites

Fig. 4

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of 0.5–1.5 kb upstream regulatory regions of var genes from seven Laverania species. The annotation number for each gene (from Plasmodb.org) is shown and the colour of the text signifies the species, as shown in the lower right panel. Sequences of the UpsB type are shaded in pink, UpsA in light blue, UpsC in yellow, var2csa in gray and var1csa in dark blue. Five genes with atypical upstream sequences from P. falciparum that segregate outside of the UpsA/B/C/D/E groups are marked with an asterisk. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method and Jukes–Cantor model [63], with bootstrap values for 1000 replicates shown for various nodes. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X [64]

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