Fig. 1

Bipartite representation of the bird–habitat network. The red column represents bird species and the yellow column represents habitats. The width of the columns indicates the proportion of birds or habitats in the total; the lines in the middle represent the relationship between birds and habitats; the width of the lines means relationship strength. Because of the large number of Sula sula, we choose dotted lines to represent it and its relationship. Bird species are Pa, Phoenicurus auroreus; Vv, Vanellus vanellus; St, Saxicola torquate; Ft, Falco tinnunculus; Cd, Cecropis daurica; Ic, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus; Ri, Rallus indicus; Sr, Scolopax rusticola; Hs, Hierococcyx sparverioides; Ns, Ninox scutulata; Fa, Fregata ariel; Ap, Ardea purpurea; Lt, Lanius tigrinus; Tn, Tringa nebularia; Cl, Charadrius leschenaultia; Tr, Tachybaptus ruficollis; Zp, Zapornia pusilla; Sv, Sturnus vulgaris; Aph, Amanurornis phoenicurus; Ab, Ardeola bacchus; Ph, Pandion haliaetus; Dm, Dicrurus macrocercus; Np, Numenius phaeopus; Nn, Nycticorax nycticorax; Sc, Streptopelia chinenesis; Cs, Calidris subminuta; Cv, Charadrius veredus; Ch, Charadrius hiaticula; Ca, Charadrius alexandrinus; Ts, Tringa stagnatilis; Gg, Gallinago gallinago; Ps, Pluvialis squatarola; Ah, Actitis hypoleucos; Tb, Tringa brevipes; Ms, Monticola solitarius; Ma, Motacilla alba; So, Stretopelia orientalis; Mc, Motacilla cinerea; Gn, Gelochelidon nilotica; Ls, Lanius schach; Ai, Arenaria interpres; Mt, Motacilla tschutschensis; Hh, Himantopus Himantopus; Hr, Hirundo rustica; Ac, Ardea cinerea; Fm, Fregata mintor; Mp, Mareca Penelope; Gc, Gallinula chloropus; Eg, Egretta garzetta; Ar, Anthus richardi; Pf, Pluvialis fulva; Aa, Ardea alba; Ei, Egretta intermedia; Gm, Glareola maldivarum; Zj, Zosterops japonicus; Bi, Bubulcus ibis; and Ss, Sula sula. Habitat types are W, wetlands; B, beaches; G, grasslands; S, shrublands; and F, forests