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Table 1. Predictors of offspring body size and developmental duration

From: Care-giver identity impacts offspring development and performance in an annually social bumble bee

Trait

Analysis

Model

Estimate

Standard error

z-value

p-value

Direction

Body size

Gamma GLM

Body size ~

Group (care-giver)

+ random factor “source colony”

+ random factor “nest ID”

0.444

0.134

z = 3.312

< 0.001 ***

QR < WR

Developmental duration

Gamma GLM

Development time ~

+ random factor “source colony”

+ random factor “nest ID”

na

na

na

na

na

  1. Results are from best-fitting models. The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) for Gamma distribution was used in modeling continuous data. Asterisks indicate statistical significance; significance code: ‘***’ 0.001