Fig. 1

Sampling sites and extant distribution of E. melanogaster, with the major geographical features within the distributed area labelled. Great rivers in this area are indicated by Roman numerals: I, Jinsha River; II, Lancang River; III, Nu River; IV, Dulong River; V, Yangtze River; and VI, Pearl River. The locality codes and coordinates are presented in Additional file 1: Table S1. The elevation is shown with a legend in the bottom left. The colours of the sampling sites indicate mitochondrial clades and correspond to the colours in the phylogenetic tree shown in Fig. 2 (shown here in the top-right frame). The altitude information is freely available at http://www.worldclim.org/, and the base map from Esri Content Packages