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Table 1 Mean (± 1SE) values for morphological characteristics of G. fortis and G. fuliginosa at rural vs. urban sites.

From: Epigenetic variation between urban and rural populations of Darwin’s finches

 

G. fortis

G. fuliginosa

Morphological

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Character

N = 560

N = 245

N = 171

N = 121

Beak depth

11.48 ± 0.06

11.98 ± 0.09**

7.40 ± 0.04

7.42 ± 0.06

Beak width

9.89 ± 0.04

10.24 ± 0.07**

6.8 ± 0.03

6.82 ± 0.04

Beak length

11.71 ± 0.04

12.02 ± 0.07***

8.56 ± 0.04

8.46 ± 0.09

Tarsus length

21.00 ± 0.06

21.15 ± 0.09

18.83 ± 0.11

18.67 ± 0.09

Wing chord

69.3 ± 0.19

70.4 ± 0.29**

61.26 ± 0.31

61.1 ± 0.30

Body mass

21.23 ± 0.13

22.2 ± 0.23*

13.87 ± 0.15

13.76 ± 0.14

PC1 Body

−0.13 ± 0.06

0.29 ± 0.09***

0.07 ± 0.09

−0.10 ± 0.10

PC1 Beak

−0.17 ± 0.07

0.40 ± 0.11***

0.01 ± 0.09

−0.01 ± 0.15

PC2 Beak

−0.01 ± 0.02

0.02 ± 0.03

0.07 ± 0.04

−0.09 ± 0.10

  1. Statistically significant differences between populations at P < 0.01, 0.001, and <0.0001 are indicated by *, ** and ***, respectively