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Table 1 Results of linear mixed models analyses of (co)variance for the offspring generation (G2)

From: Offspring reaction norms shaped by parental environment: interaction between within- and trans-generational plasticity of inducible defenses

Weight   Estimates (SE) Numdf, Dendf F P
Parental env. (E1) −0.0020 (0.0008) 1, 34.31 6.95 0.0125*
Offspring env. (E2) −0.0014 (0.0004) 1, 336.73 15.02 0.0001*
E1 x E2 0.0007 (0.0004) 1, 336.73 3.38 0.0667
Random effect Var SE Z P
Family 0.0000169 0.00000536 3.12 0.0008*
Shell thickness   Estimates (SE) Numdf, Dendf F P
Weight (W) 0.0333 (0.0034) 1, 340.63 98.21 <0.0001*
Parental env. (E1) 0.0053 (0.0023) 1, 37.49 5.24 0.0278*
Offspring env. (E2) 0.0204 (0.0017) 1, 343.66 149.82 <0.0001*
E1 x E2 −0.0035 (0.0016) 1, 341.77 4.39 0.0368*
Random effect Var SE Z P
Family 0.0000955 0.0000461 2.07 0.019*
Shell length   Estimates (SE) Numdf, Dendf F P
Weight (W) 1.7214 (0.0206) 1, 352.56 6999.59 <0.0001*
Parental env. (E1) −0.0311 (0.0161) 1, 37.23 3.72 0.0613
Offspring env. (E2) −0.0299 (0.0104) 1, 341.09 8.27 0.0043*
W x E1 −0.0572 (0.0206) 1, 352.56 7.74 0.0057*
W x E2 −0.0604 (0.0194) 1, 360.90 9.65 0.0020*
E1 x E2 0.0035 (0.0104) 1, 341.09 0.11 0.7347
W x E1 X E2 0.0336 (0.0194) 1, 360.90 2.99 0.0845
Random effect Var SE Z P
Family 0.00553 0.002214 2.50 0.0062*
Shell width   Estimates (SE) Numdf, Dendf F P
Weight (W) 0.9254 (0.0121) 1, 347.72 5867.74 <0.0001*
Parental env. (E1) −0.0150 (0.0090) 1, 34.82 2.76 0.1054
Offspring env. (E2) −0.0254 (0.0059) 1, 340.22 18.02 <0.0001*
W x E1 0.0136 (0.0061) 1, 341.69 4.91 0.0274*
W x E2 −0.0226 (0.0120) 1, 349.57 3.56 0.0600
E1 x E2 −0.0438 (0.0114) 1, 362.95 14.64 0.0002*
Random effect Var SE Z P
Family 0.0016328 0.0007181 2.27 0.0114*
Ratio shell length / width   Estimates (SE) Numdf, Dendf F P
Parental env. (E1) −0.0034 (0.0058) 1, 32.95 0.34 0.5635
Offspring env. (E2) 0.0024 (0.0040) 1, 339.80 0.35 0.5563
E1 x E2 −0.0087 (0.0040) 1, 339.80 4.66 0.0316*
Random effect Var SE Z P
Family 0.0006571 0.0003111 2.11 0.0173*
  1. Italic values show random effects
  2. *symbol indicates P < 0.05. Side-by-side comparisons (contrast method) are showed in Additional file 3
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

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