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Fig. 5 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 5

From: Population genetic processes affecting the mode of selective sweeps and effective population size in influenza virus H3N2

Fig. 5

Summary of evolutionary models and the two-step reduction of effective population size. The degrees of reduction in effective population size due to recurrent selective sweeps are shown by red arrows. Reductions due to background selection and metapopulation dynamics, when parameters are chosen to maximize the variation-reducing effect (and, at the same time, to satisfy the constraints) of the models, are indicated by blue and green arrows, respectively. Black dashed line represents the census (N < 104 in Model A) or effective population size (N e1 in Model B and C) under which positive selection results in small probability of soft selective sweeps (f soft ≈ 0.1). Red dashed line marks the effective population size (N e in Model A with N < 104 and N e2 in Model B and C) that generate the observed sequence diversity (πs ≈ 6.2). Background selection can generate the observed patterns of soft sweeps and sequence diversity in a population with the largest census size

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