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Fig. 4 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 4

From: Insights into the genetic foundation of aggression in Papio and the evolution of two length-polymorphisms in the promoter regions of serotonin-related genes (5-HTTLPR and MAOALPR) in Papionini

Fig. 4

Distribution and presumed evolutionary history of alleles in 5-HTTLPR in Papionini. Shown are hypothesized positions of insertions/deletions (indels) of repeats within the polymorphic locus 2 (PL2) in the phylogenetic tree for Papionini. Partial indels are encircled by dashed lines and complete indels by solid lines. The results of this study indicate that an allele similar to msy and papS/lop/cer/mle/msp represents the ancestral state of the locus for all Papionini, and that the following four changes occurred during the last 8 million years (for details see Discussion): (1) The additional repeat at PL2-4 (red) in the papL-allele represents an insertion that only emerged recently in some African P. hamadryas. (2) After the split of M. sylvanus, the ancestor of all other species of Macaca lost the repeat at PL2-3 (green), probably during or after their dispersal to Asia. (3) The partial loss of the repeat at PL2-1 (yellow) occurred in M. mulatta after the split from other macaque species. (4) The deletion of two repeats at the PL2-2 (blue) occurred in the common ancestor of the M. sinica-group of macaques, which includes M. munzala, M. thibetana, and M. radiata. Phylogenetic tree and divergence ages adapted from [71], and modified for Papio from [83]. *The phylogenetic relationship between P. anubis, P. hamadryas and P. papio is still debated [83]. **Comparable data for M. munzala and M. radiata are lacking but both species belong, together with M. thibetana, to the M. sinica-group of macaques [85]

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