From: The temporal build-up of hummingbird/plant mutualisms in North America and temperate South America
Split of species or clade from nearest relative in alignment | Family | Stem age (my) | Crown age (my) | Age reference; figure number | Pollinators | Pollinator reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Campsidium valdivianum | Bignoniaceae | 12.8 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3a | Sephanoides sephanoides | Aizen & Vazquez, 2006 |
Chilean Gesneriaceae (3; Asteranthera ovata, Mitraria coccinea, Sarmienta repens) | Gesneriaceae | 26.2 (NA) | 16.28 (NA) | Woo et al., 2011; Fig. 2 | Sephanoides sephanoides | Aizen & Vazquez, 2006 |
Cuminia eriantha | Lamiaceae | 4.07 (NA) | - | Drew & Systma, 2012; Fig. 2 | Sephanoides fernandensis, Sephanoides sephanoides | Bernadello et al., 2001 |
Dendroseris litoralis | Asteraceae | 3.4 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3b | Sephanoides fernandensis, Sephanoides sephanoides | Schuchmann, 1999 |
Fuchsia lycioides | Onagraceae | 17.14 (NA) | - | Berry et al., 2004; Fig. 2 | Rhodopsis vesper, Sephanoides sephanoides | Atsatt & Rudel (1982), Reid et al. (2002) mentions that S. sephaiodes and F. lycioides occur in the same locality |
Fuchsia magellanica | Onagraceae | 5.23 (NA) | - | Berry et al., 2004; Fig. 2 | Patagona gigas, Sephanoides sephanoides | Smith-Ramirez, 1993, Belmonte Schwarzbaum, 1999 |
Latua pubiflora | Solanaceae | 14.11 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3c | Sephanoides sephanoides | Based on plant distribution |
Lepechinia salviae | Lamiaceae | 3.65 (NA) | - | Drew & Sytsma, 2013; Fig. 2 | - | - |
Ochagavia clade (3/4; Fascicularia bicolor, O. carnea, O. elegans) | Bromeliaceae | 8.12 (NA) | 6.38 (NA) | Givnish et al., 2013; Fig. 2 | Sephanoides sephanoides Sephanoides fernandensis | Roy et al., 1998, Medan & Montaldo, 2005 |
Philesia magellanica, Lapagaria rosea | Philesiaceae | 58.8 (NA) | 6.74 (NA) | Chacón & Renner, 2014; Fig. 2 | Patagona gigas, Sephanoides sephanoides | Belmonte Schwarzbaum, 1999, Aizen & Vazquez, 2006 |
Puya coerulea | Bromeliaceae | 1.68 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3d | Patagona gigas; Oreotrochilus leucopleurus | Jabaily & Sytsma, 2010; Hornung et al., 2013 |
Puya venusta | Bromeliaceae | 0.68 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3d | Patagona gigas | Jabaily & Sytsma, 2010 |
Rhaphithamnus venustus | Verbenaceae | 1.96 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3e | Sephanoides sephanoides, Sephanoides fernandensis | Smith-Ramirez, 1993, Schuchmann, 1999 |
Schizanthus grahamii | Solanaceae | 1.98 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3f | Oreotrochilus leucopleurus | Perez et al., 2006 |
Sophora fernandeziana S. masafuerana | Fabaceae | 1.03 (NA) | - | Ruiz et al., 2004; Fig. 2 | Sephanoides sephanoides Sephanoides fernandensis | Bernadello et al., 2004 |
Tristerix (3; T. aphyllus, T. corymbosus, T. verticillatus) | Loranthaceae | 6.85 (NA) | 4.71 (NA) | Figs. 2, S3g | Patagona gigas, Sephanoides sephanoides | Smith-Ramirez, 1993; Amico et al., 2007 |
Vestia foetida | Solanaceae | 12.85 (NA) | - | Figs. 2, S3h | Sephanoides sephanoides | Based on plant distribution |